Journal: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Article Title: The role of phagocytic cells in enhanced susceptibility of broilers to colibacillosis after Infectious Bronchitis Virus infection

doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.02.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colibacillosis lesion scores at different time points after E. coli inoculation. Groups H120 and M41 were inoculated with their respective IBV strains 5 days before E. coli inoculation, whereas the PBS group received no IBV or E. coli . Per treatment group, five birds were sampled at each time point. Each dot represents the total lesion score of an individual bird with a maximum score of 12. The horizontal lines indicate the mean scores of each treatment group. Birds with systemic signs of colibacillosis, characterized by lesions in liver and/or pericardium, are designated with ‘s’. Groups with different letters are significantly different ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The virulent Massachusetts IBV strain M41 was obtained from Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands, as freeze-dried vials containing 10 8.3 EID 50 /1.2 ml/vial.

Techniques:

Journal: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Article Title: The role of phagocytic cells in enhanced susceptibility of broilers to colibacillosis after Infectious Bronchitis Virus infection

doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.02.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage ± S.D. of monocytes/macrophages (KUL-01) in PBMC and splenocytes at different time points after E. coli inoculation. Groups H120 and M41 were inoculated with their respective IBV strains 5 days before E. coli inoculation, whereas the PBS group received no IBV or E. coli . Bars represent the average frequency of labeled cells per treatment group ( n = 5), as a percentage of total live cells. Groups with different letters are significantly different ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The virulent Massachusetts IBV strain M41 was obtained from Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands, as freeze-dried vials containing 10 8.3 EID 50 /1.2 ml/vial.

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Article Title: The role of phagocytic cells in enhanced susceptibility of broilers to colibacillosis after Infectious Bronchitis Virus infection

doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.02.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Means ± S.E.M. of E. coli -induced NO production in response to heat-killed E. coli 506 by PBMC per group, at various time points after E. coli inoculation. Groups H120 and M41 were inoculated with their respective IBV strains 5 days before E. coli inoculation, whereas the PBS group received no IBV or E. coli . NO production by cells of individual chickens is calculated as the total NO production after stimulation with heat-killed E. coli or LPS, minus the background NO production of unstimulated cells. Groups with different letters are significantly different ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The virulent Massachusetts IBV strain M41 was obtained from Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands, as freeze-dried vials containing 10 8.3 EID 50 /1.2 ml/vial.

Techniques:

Journal: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Article Title: The role of phagocytic cells in enhanced susceptibility of broilers to colibacillosis after Infectious Bronchitis Virus infection

doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.02.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by PBMC of chickens killed 4 and 7 days after E. coli inoculation (dpi)

Article Snippet: The virulent Massachusetts IBV strain M41 was obtained from Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands, as freeze-dried vials containing 10 8.3 EID 50 /1.2 ml/vial.

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Article Title: The role of phagocytic cells in enhanced susceptibility of broilers to colibacillosis after Infectious Bronchitis Virus infection

doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.02.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Real-time quantification of cytokine mRNA expression by cells isolated from (A) splenocytes and (B) lung tissue samples of PBS chickens (white bars), chickens inoculated with E. coli only (black bars), IBV H120 + E. coli (hatched bars) and IBV M41 + E. coli (grey bars). Data are expressed as mean relative fold increase at different time points after E. coli inoculation, compared to samples of PBS birds. Error bars show S.E.M. for triplicate samples of five birds per treatment group. Groups with different letters are significantly different ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The virulent Massachusetts IBV strain M41 was obtained from Intervet, Boxmeer, the Netherlands, as freeze-dried vials containing 10 8.3 EID 50 /1.2 ml/vial.

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation

Journal: Journal of applied microbiology

Article Title: Evaluation of altered environmental conditions as a decontamination approach for nonspore-forming biological agents

doi: 10.1111/jam.14532

Figure Lengend Snippet: Francisella tularensis Schu4 and LVS time to nondetect, recovery and D i

Article Snippet: Both the virulent Schu4 strain as well as the attenuated, live vaccine strain (LVS), were procured from BEI Resources (NR-10492 and NR-646, Manassas, VA) and stored at −80°C until used to initiate each experiment.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of applied microbiology

Article Title: Evaluation of altered environmental conditions as a decontamination approach for nonspore-forming biological agents

doi: 10.1111/jam.14532

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recovery of Francisella tularensis (log10 CFU). (a) Schu4 and (b) LVS at 60°C, ambient RH; (c) Schu4 and (d) LVS at 38°C, ambient RH; (e) Schu4 and (f) LVS at 38°C, 75% RH; (g) Schu4 and (h) LVS at ambient temperature, 75% RH ( Glass control coupons; Glass test coupons; Paper control coupons; Paper test coupons).

Article Snippet: Both the virulent Schu4 strain as well as the attenuated, live vaccine strain (LVS), were procured from BEI Resources (NR-10492 and NR-646, Manassas, VA) and stored at −80°C until used to initiate each experiment.

Techniques: Control